User:Mix Gerder/en

Welcome! You are now in my profile on the wiki Language Brigade Wikia.

My activity on this wiki
On this wiki I have been doing translations in Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Arabic and Croatian. Also, I sometimes can catch in the chat, sometimes not even AFK. I hope that we will be able to spend a wonderful time with you.

If you want to email me, use the wall.

How it all began?
Life never arose, and existed eternally; it has always been capable of supporting life, and if changed, then very slightly. According to this version, the species also never had any, they existed, and each type has only two options — either change the numbers or extinction. However, the hypothesis of the stationary state fundamentally in contradiction with the data of modern astronomy, which point to a finite lifetime of stars and, therefore, planetary systems around stars. According to current estimates, based on the speed of radioactive decay, the age of the Earth, the Sun and the Solar system is estimated ~4.6 billion years. Therefore, this hypothesis is not considered an academic science. Proponents of this hypothesis do not recognize that the presence or absence of certain fossils can indicate the time of appearance or extinction of a species, and cites as an example the representative of the lobe-finned fish latimeria. According to paleontological data lobe-finned extinct in the late Cretaceous period. However, this conclusion had to be revised when in the area of Madagascar was found living representatives of lobe-finned. Proponents of the theory of the stationary state claim that only by studying living species and comparing them with the fossil remains, we can conclude that the extinction, and in this case it is highly likely that he would be wrong. Using paleontological data to confirm the theory of the stationary state, her supporters have interpreted the occurrence of fossil remains in the environment. For example, the sudden appearance of any type of fossil in a certain layer, they explain the increase in the number of its population or its movement in space, favorable for the preservation of what remains. The theory of the stationary state is only of historical or philosophical interest, because the conclusions of this theory contradict the scientific data.

X century
Laid the foundations of statehood on Belarusian lands.

On route from "the Varangians to the Greeks" created the state of the Krivichi — the Principality of Polotsk. The first historical information associated with the Scandinavian Vikings. Chronicle "Deeds of the Danes" (Gesta Danorum) tells about the campaign against Polotsk (Palteskja) the legendary king Frodi I (V-VI century ad)

First mentioned in the Chronicles of the Prince of Polotsk Rogvolod was. And subsequent princes of Polotsk was called in the Chronicles "Logology grandchildren" or Izyaslavovicha (named after the son of Rogneda, and grandson of Rogvolod — Izyaslav)

At the end of the century, took place the baptism of Polotsk legendary Christian missionary and traveler, Thorvald Kodansha.

XI century
Century heyday of the Principality (took almost a third of modern Belarus). The reign of the two princes — Bratislava (1003-1044) and Vseslav "the Sorcerer" (1044-1101).

The campaigns against Novgorod, the confrontation with the Rurikovich-Yaroslavych and battle on Nemiga.

Close ties with Scandinavia. About the confrontation with Bratislava Yaroslavych built "Saga about Amanda" in which the king Aymond is on the side Bratislava. Sophia, Princess of Minsk, was the wife of the Danish king Valdemar I the Great and Queen of Denmark.

Paganism and Christianity. The construction of St. Sophia Cathedral in Polotsk and the princes, "counseling with the wise men and born from volkovaya".

XII
The age of feudal fragmentation and internecine war.

After the death of Vseslav the Sorcerer, the Principality of Polotsk (covered about half of modern Belarus and reached the shores of the Gulf of Riga) was divided into Minsk, Vitebsk, Drutsk, Iziaslav, Logoisk, Strezhevskoi and Grodzovskii of the Principality between his sons.

Turov and Grodno Principality disintegrate into fiefdoms.

In the West and North-West of Belarus — "the land of the yotvingians, Lithuania and minor Lithuania Narodov" (Th. Shafarik) statehood is only. On these lands-migration polabian Slavs, going from German expansion in the Western Baltic.

XIII
In Prussia and Livonia is dominated by the Teutonic and Livonian Order. Reducing the role of Polotsk in the transit trade on the Western Dvina river.

Completes migration of the polabian Slavs to the North-West Belarusian lands [ described in detail in classic work. The Safarik]

In the reign of Mindovg is formed Duchy of Lithuania, with the capital in Novogrudok (later moved to Vilna).

After the death of his son and son-in-law Vaishali Shvarna, princely (Royal) dynasty ends.

Or Anarchie sans duc. (anarchy, without Prince; Franz.) — characterized in older textbooks the period from 1223, in the Polotsk Principality and in 1267 the Duchy of Lithuania. The end of this period associated with the reign of the children of Ljutomer (Lutuver) in 1307 Prince Warrior in Polotsk and in 1291 Prince Vitina in Lithuania.

Gedimin, who took the reign after Vitina and peaceful (without wars) which United the two principalities, was the third son of Cutover.

XIV century
During the reign of Gediminas and Algirdas all Belarusian lands collected into one state — the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Is the formation of a single of the Belarusian ethnos.

V. Duke Gediminas, seeking to integrate the country into the European cultural space, appeals to Pope John XXII, and in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania comes catolicismo. So religion, namely, the different denominations of Christianity East and West the land starts to play a prominent role in the history of Belarus.

V. Duke Algirdas, defeated the Horde in battle of Blue Waters, joins the Russian Land. The Grand Duchy of Litvishe becomes the largest state in Europe, by country "from sea to sea".

Fifteenth century
On reached its heyday. Developed European state with a complex power structure (Dukes, marshalcy, chancellors, hetmans etc.).

The first inter-confessional confrontation — Civil war 1432-1435.

The battle of Grunwald — the end of the wars with the Teutonic Order and prisoedinenie Samogitia.

Came the "Golden age" (1410-1569) — the Belarusian Renaissance. Issued a Statute on publishing the works of the humanists and the enlightenment — a Golden heritage of Belarus.

To complete the formation of the Belarusian ethnos.

XVI
On teaming up with Korolevstvom Polish in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth of the Two Nations to confront external threats — mainly, the Moscow expansion to the West. Signed the act of the Warsaw Confederation, marked the beginning of religious freedom in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (in the background of religiosi wars in Europe). To reduce inter-confessional contradictions and the declining influence of Moscow in the internal Affairs of States adopted by the Union of Brest — transfer of Orthodox parishes in the Greek Catholic (Uniate). [ Aggressiveness of their influence on the culture of Belarus is well illustrated by the modern condition of the Belarusian language. In Bialystok, Poland — it's a living (frequently used in everyday life) and official (one of) the language. In Belarus and, especially, in Russia's Smolensk, the situation is different ]

XVII
Age of incessant war. Blood Flood — the population was halved. War with Muscovy, Sweden, the Ottoman Empire, Zaporozhian host. The weakening of the Central government in the confrontation with the "gentry democracy". [ Gentry on Belarus amounted to 12-15% of the population ]

Eighteenth century
Century magnate anarchy. Trying to find a way out of national crisis. The civil war and the Confederate gentry. The great Northern war on the territory of the Grand Duchy of Belarus. Century completed the partition of Poland and kościuszko uprising of 1794

Nineteenth century
Belarusian lands — the North-Western territory into the Russian Empire. The war of 1812 for Belarus — the host of the last Radziwill against Grodno and Belarusian hussar regiment. 1863, the uprising of Kalinouski rebellion of the nobility and the peasantry of Belarus, Poland, Letovi against the Empire. Secret Patriotic and educational Association of students. Filamaty and hilarity.

Twentieth century
The First World War. The Collapse Of The Russian Empire. Belarusian people's Republic is the successor of the GDL, the predecessor of the modern Belarus. The Byelorussian SSR within the USSR. The second World war. The Collapse Of The Soviet Union. The Republic Of Belarus.